The Order of Christian Initiation of Adults

The process for becoming a Roman Catholic

  What is the first step? OCIA definition, Conversion, Stages in a Process, Inquiry, Catechumenate, Purification, Easter Vigil, Mystagogy, Catechumen or Candidate?, How long does it take?,


 

The Order of Christian Initiation of Adults (OCIA) names the process by which interested persons gradually become members of the Catholic Church.

The O.C.I.A. is primarily a journey of faith:

• "From the awareness of stirring of faith and curiosity within one's heart,
  • through all those stages of asking and seeking,
  • through beginning involvement with Christian/Catholic people,
  • through hearing the Gospel proclaimed and by faithful reflection and prayer on this Word of God,
  • through study and discussion about the Catholic experience,
  • through doubts and hesitations,
  • through involvement in the works of charity and justice with those already committed to the catholic way of life,
  • through discernment of God's call for them as individuals,
  • through the steps of commitment,
  • through the sacraments of initiation (Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist)
• to a life of faith, love, and justice lived in communion with Catholics throughout the world.

 
 
 

What does it mean to “be Catholic”

(Not an exhaustive list)

• Being a Christian, a disciple of Jesus Christ
• Our approach to God is through the community and with others
• Revelation comes through Scripture and Tradition
• Belief in the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist
• Active participation in the Sacraments
• Universality of the Church (connected to the Church around the world, not just my local parish)
• Apostolic succession (tracing our roots to Jesus … a history)
• We enter the world to transform it rather than to make a speedy and solitary escape, having earned heaven for ourselves
• Baptism, Confirmation, & Eucharist are the three Sacraments of Initiation

 

Conversion, a gradual process

• The O.C.I.A. as a series of rituals, marks stages along the path to full commitment in the Catholic Church.  The O.C.I.A., as a process, describes in broad terms what this gradual commitment means.
• The O.C.I.A. as formation gradually looks both to the inner transformation of the individual to God's call as given week by week in the lectionary of Scripture readings at the Sunday Eucharist and to the gradual transformation of the person to an active member of the local church wherever he or she lives.

  
 

The O.C.I.A. contains five main stages or phases:

1. The Period of Inquiry (also known as the time of Evangelization or Pre-Catechumenate),
2. Catechumenate,
3. Period of Purification and Enlightenment/Scrutinies,
4. The Paschal Triduum with the Sacraments of Initiation
5. Mystagogical Catechesis (mystagogia)

The Period of Inquiry

Period of Inquiry has as its purpose a time to become acquainted with the Catholic Church and to hear the good news of salvation from Jesus Christ our Savior; it is a time to look within at one's one life story and see connections to or needs for the gospel story of good news.
During this period, the gospel of Jesus is proclaimed, and inquirers look within their own story to make and mark connections. This reflective process becomes a continuing, on-going method used by inquirer and member alike.
This period lasts as long as the person needs it to last, from a few months to several years, if necessary.
The Inquirer writes a formal letter, when ready, stating that s/he is ready to move to the Catechumenate phase, stating why they want to move and how they see himself or herself as ready.
During this period, some may decide that this is not the right time for them to consider membership in the Catholic Church, either because of their own life circumstances or because they feel some other Tradition is better for them.

 

Period of the Catechumenate

The period of catechumenate embodies the first stages of commitment leading to full membership. For a person to enter this phase, s/he must already have come to faith in Jesus Christ as their Lord and Savior and sincerely desire to become members of the Catholic Church.
 
During this phase, the catechumens gather with the Catholic community on Sundays for the first part of the mass, during which, together, we hear the Scriptures, respond to them, and reflect on the meaning of God's Word for us personally and as community through the homily. After the homily, catechumens are dismissed, and with their Catechist, continue a process of reflection and application of the Scriptures to their own lives.
 
During this period, the initial conversion is deepened and appropriated; the person comes to know more and more deeply the love of God in their own lives and in the midst of the church community. This period, too, lasts as long as the person needs it to last, from a few months to several years, if necessary.

Period of Purification and Enlightenment

The Period of Purification corresponds to that time known in the Catholic Church as Lent, the six-weeks of preparation for Easter become the days of prayerful time for catechumens and candidates, who are now known as the Elect, as they prepare for the moment of welcome as full members and are established as such by the Sacraments of Initiation.
 
This period is begun by the Rite of election, usually celebrated at the Cathedral Church with the Diocesan Bishop; by this rite they are accepted as candidates for the Sacraments by the Bishop, representing the fact that this decision is not theirs alone. Normally this rite takes place on the first Sunday of Lent.
 
Throughout Lent, special prayers are offered at the Sunday Eucharist for the catechumens and candidates; they are called scrutinies; these prayers for strengthening in grace and virtue and for purification from all past evil and from any bonds which hinder them from experiencing the love of God. Throughout this period, the Elect are invited to join with the whole Church in a deeper practice of works of charity and in the practice of fasting.
 
During this period, the common reflection on the Scriptures continues; the readings of Lent were chosen with the themes of continuing conversion in mind. Toward the end of the period, the Church continues the custom of "handing over" to the Elect the Creed (the summary of our faith) and the Lord's Prayer (which represents its practice of continuing prayer after the command of Jesus who taught us to pray).

Celebrating the Sacraments of Initiation

The Sacraments of Initiation are celebrated at the Easter Vigil, an extended night-watch of prayer, singing and hearing the Word of God.
By the waters of baptism, a person passes into the new life of grace and becomes a member of the Body of Christ.
Anointing with special holy oil called Chrism seals the initiation by the power of the Holy Spirit and participation at the Table of the Lord in the Eucharist marks full membership in the church.
Even though students are on Easter-break, those to be initiated and their Sponsors stay to take part in the Holy Sacraments of Initiation.

Period of Mystagogy

The Period of Mystagogy lasts from Easter Sunday until the completion of the Easter season, fifty days later on Pentecost Sunday and completes the initiation process. Those who have just shared in the sacraments of initiation are now called Neophytes and during this period of Easter joy they reflect on what they have just gone through and look to the future as to how they can now share in the mission of Christ who came to bring salvation and life to the whole world. This period of time reminds the whole church that life in Christ constantly calls us to grow and to look for new ways to live the life of grace, personally and together.

Catechumen or Candidate?

By means of the processes described in the document, O.C.I.A., interested  non-baptized persons become Catechumens, and Catechumens become full members of the Catholic Church by means of Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist, which are referred to as the Sacraments of Initiation.  
However, when one speaks of a baptized person from a Protestant tradition, for example, who is preparing for reception into full communion in the Roman tradition, one is speaking of a different matter. A baptized person should not be led automatically through the full catechumenal process or be called a catechumen. Instead, we call him or her a candidate." By this we mean that this person is a candidate for the catholic Sacrament of Confirmation and a candidate preparing to receive Holy Communion in the Catholic Church and thus become a full member of the Catholic Church, the Catholic Communion.  
Frequently candidates for full communion in the Catholic church find certain elements of the catechumenate process helpful in their preparation. For example, the focus on continuing conversion is appropriate for any Christian, especially at a time of transition. An understanding of Catholic beliefs, the practice of Catholic observances in the church year over an appropriate period of time and the experience of Catholic community are all necessary for an informed commitment that will last." The differences in the process must be tailed by the candidate in conjunction with the OCIA Director and the Sponsor.
Since candidates are already baptized, the liturgical rites that mark the steps of the formation process are different from those of catechumens. there are rites of welcoming by the parish community and recognition by the bishop, a celebration of the call to continuing conversion and a penitential rite. Reception into full communion in the Catholic church takes place with a profession of faith, confirmation and Eucharist."By penitential rite we mean that the person examines his or her own life with some scrutiny to things that s/he has done right and things that s/he knows has been wrongfully done; these latter things need to be repented of. Sometimes the Sacrament of Reconciliation is the appropriate means for this person to mark the movement from sin to grace, from old life to new life before s/he enters into full communion. Sometimes it is a less formal act of repentance.  

How long does it take?

The Order of Christian Initiation is not a program.
It is the church's way of ministering sensitively to those who seek membership. For that reason some people will need more time than others to prepare for the lifetime commitment that comes with membership in the Catholic Church. The usual length of preparation is from 6- 9 months. For those already baptized and who seek full communion in the Catholic Church, the time may also vary.
The process of spiritual renewal and catechesis should not be hasty, especially for those not accustomed to the fasts and feasts and Sundays and seasons the way Catholics observe them.
One of the best time for the sacraments of initiation or the Rite of reception into full communion is the Easter Vigil. Lent prepares catechumens, candidates and the whole community for Baptism, Confirmation and Eucharist. The celebration of the Easter Vigil dramatically points to the wellspring of the church's life:  the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ."